Active yeast

flour (about 1.25 kg) • warm water (about 650 ml) • espresso cup whole milk (about 2 oz / 60 ml) • espresso cup plain yogurt (about 2 oz / 60 ml) • oil (about 120 ml) • Salt • sugar (about 100 grams) • active dry yeast • (about 1.1 lbs) ground beef • large onions • medium tomatoes • salt •

flour (about 1.5 kilograms) • sugar • powdered milk • active dry yeast • salt • –5 cups warm water (about 950–1,180 ml) • For topping: • Nigella seeds and sesame seeds

(about 7 cups) all-purpose flour • (about 3 cups) fine semolina • salt • sugar • active dry yeast • powdered milk • vegetable oil

all-purpose flour (about 1.25 kg) • salt • active dry yeast • Warm water for kneading • Labneh (strained yogurt) • Red pepper paste • Salt • Dried kishk (fermented yogurt and bulgur powder) • Dried mint • Chopped tomatoes • Red pepper paste • Finely grated onion •

Dough Ingredients • medium-coarse semolina (about 800 grams) • fine semolina (about 400 grams) • unsalted butter or ghee (about 500 grams) • powdered milk • sugar • active dry yeast • simple syrup • orange blossom water • rose water • salt • Walnut Filling Ingredients •

For the dough: • all-purpose flour (about 1 kilogram) • active dry yeast • vegetable oil (small cup, about 60 ml) • salt • sugar • water (about 480 ml) • For the filling: • ground beef (about 1/2 kilogram), finely ground • small tomatoes, finely chopped • chopped parsley • small onion, grated •

all-purpose flour (about 120 grams) • fine semolina (about 40 grams) • powdered milk • mahlab • active dry yeast • baking powder • baking soda • water (about 315 ml)

ground lamb with fat (1 kg) • hot pepper • onion (about 1/2 large onion or 1/4 kg) • tomatoes (1/2 kg) • Salt to taste • sweet spice mix • seven spice mix • all-purpose flour (about 1.5 kg) • Warm water for kneading • salt • sugar • active dry yeast •

fenugreek seeds • semolina • all-purpose flour • nigella seeds (optional) • toasted sesame seeds (optional) • active dry yeast • sugar • baking powder • olive oil • ghee • water from boiled fenugreek • For the syrup: •