Bread yeast

warm milk (about 480 ml) • (about 1 1/2 tablespoons) butter • vegetable oil • large egg, at room temperature • salt • instant yeast • sugar • mahlab (optional) • white vinegar • powdered milk • (about 8 cups) all-purpose flour, or as needed • large egg, at room temperature •

all-purpose flour (about 375 grams) • warm milk (about 240 ml) • warm water, or as needed for the dough (about 60 ml) • yeast • vegetable oil or olive oil • salt • sugar

flour (about 375 grams) • yeast • sugar • oil • salt • Warm water, as needed for kneading

flour (about 625 grams) • yeast • sugar • milk powder • salt • warm water (about 480 ml) • warm water (about 120 ml) for the final step instead of oil

all-purpose flour or 5 cups flour (about 1 kilogram) • sugar • yeast • plain yogurt • salt • water (about 710 ml), or as needed

flour (about 1.5 kilograms) • sugar • powdered milk • active dry yeast • salt • –5 cups warm water (about 950–1,180 ml) • For topping: • Nigella seeds and sesame seeds

(about 7 cups) all-purpose flour • (about 3 cups) fine semolina • salt • sugar • active dry yeast • powdered milk • vegetable oil

flour (about 500 grams) • sugar • yeast • salt • powdered milk • plain yogurt • olive oil (60 ml) • water (240 ml) • (Filling) • finely ground beef (about 200 grams) • medium tomatoes • large onion •

For the kebab: • finely ground beef or lamb (500 grams) • small onion • each of cumin, paprika, black pepper, dried cilantro • olive oil • Hot pepper and salt to taste • all-purpose flour (about 375 grams) / 3 tablespoons plain yogurt • sugar / 1 tablespoon powdered milk • instant yeast / 1/2 teaspoon salt • olive oil / 1/2 cup water (120 ml), or as needed

For the dough: 1.1 lbs (500 grams) sifted flour (about 4 cups) • dry milk • yeast • sugar • olive oil or vegetable oil • salt • Warm water as needed for kneading • For the shawarma: 2.2 lbs (1 kilogram) tender beef, sliced lengthwise • For marinating the shawarma: 1 small cup plain yogurt, 1 small cup vinegar, and 1 small cup olive oil or vegetable oil • pomegranate molasses and juice of half a lemon (optional) • garlic cloves and a piece of onion, crushed • beef shawarma spice blend and salt to taste •

flour • sugar • salt • vinegar • yeast • water • oil • egg with a light sprinkle of black pepper • nigella seeds • sesame seeds

yeast • flour (about 60 grams) • sugar • yeast • flour (about 90 grams) • remaining dough ingredients • flour (about 240 grams) • salt • plain yogurt • oil • Filling: 1 1/2 pounds ground beef • parsley •

For the bread dough • flour (about 0.5 kilograms) • Salt • yeast • water • sugar • vegetable oil • For the chicken shawarma • boneless chicken (about 0.5 kilograms) • Garlic • Salt • Shawarma spice •

all-purpose flour and 1 cup whole wheat flour, sifted (or just all-purpose flour) • oats or as available • small pinch of yeast or baking powder • olive oil • salt • light pinch of sugar • flax seeds, 1 tablespoon sesame seeds, and nigella seeds • Lukewarm water for kneading