Gum paste

flour (about 1.25 kg) • warm water (about 650 ml) • espresso cup whole milk (about 2 oz / 60 ml) • espresso cup plain yogurt (about 2 oz / 60 ml) • oil (about 120 ml) • Salt • sugar (about 100 grams) • active dry yeast • (about 1.1 lbs) ground beef • large onions • medium tomatoes • salt •

pizza flour (about 190 grams) • instant yeast • salt • egg white • sugar • Water, as needed for kneading • oil • For the topping: • ground beef (about 450 grams) • large onion, finely chopped • tomatoes • small green bell pepper •

flour (about 375 grams) • plain yogurt (about 60 ml) • oil • salt • sugar • instant yeast • powdered milk • Warm water, as needed for kneading • Filling • fatty ground beef (about 300 grams) • onion • tomatoes •

flour (about 4 cups) • milk • yeast • sugar • salt • warm water, more or less as needed • For the filling: • finely ground beef or lamb (about 1.1 lbs) • onions, finely chopped • red bell pepper, chopped • garlic cloves • red pepper paste •

For the dough: • all-purpose flour (about 500 grams) • sugar • instant yeast • warm milk (about 360 ml) • vegetable oil (about 120 ml) • salt • For the filling: • ground beef (about 450 grams) • chopped parsley (about 30 grams) • tomatoes • large onion •

warm water (355 ml) • yeast • sugar • all-purpose flour (about 560 grams) • salt • olive oil (120 ml) • Meat filling: • ground beef or lamb (about 450 grams) • tomatoes • yellow onions • small bunch parsley • green bell pepper •

flour (about 375 grams) • milk (120 ml) • warm water (120 ml), or as needed • oil (divided in half) • yeast • salt • sugar • Filling ingredients • ground beef (about 400 grams) • small onion, finely chopped • tomato, peeled and finely diced • vegetable oil •

(about 450 grams) ground beef or lamb • tomatoes • onions • bell peppers • hot pepper paste • sweet pepper paste • pomegranate molasses • salt • ground cinnamon • allspice or black pepper • vegetable oil or olive oil • (For the dough) •

(about 8 cups) all-purpose flour • ghee or clarified butter, softened to room temperature • unsalted butter, softened to room temperature • orange blossom water • rose water • sweetened condensed milk • mahlab spice • salt • (about 1 1/4 cups) date paste • ghee or clarified butter, softened • ground cinnamon • ground cloves •

For the dough: 4 cups flour (about 500 grams) • olive oil or any neutral oil (60 ml) • yeast • sugar • salt. Warm water as needed • For the filling: 1 pound ground beef (about 450 grams) • tomatoes, grated and drained of excess water • onions, finely chopped (or more, as you prefer) • Green bell pepper, red bell pepper • minced garlic • parsley, finely chopped • tomato paste •

-Minute Dough: • sugar (about 50 grams) • yeast (about 20 grams) • warm water (about 480 ml) • salt (about 1.5 grams) • all-purpose flour (about 625 grams) • vegetable oil (about 120 ml) • Filling Ingredients: • ground beef (about 450 grams) • tomatoes, finely chopped • onions, finely chopped • olive oil (about 120 ml) •

For the dough: • Small • all-purpose flour (about 200 grams) • plain yogurt • oil • instant dry yeast • sugar • salt • Warm water for the dough • onion • tomato • finely chopped parsley •

yeast • flour (about 60 grams) • sugar • yeast • flour (about 90 grams) • remaining dough ingredients • flour (about 240 grams) • salt • plain yogurt • oil • Filling: 1 1/2 pounds ground beef • parsley •

For the dough: • sifted flour (about 1 kilogram) • sugar • yeast • salt • plain yogurt (120 ml) • vegetable oil (120 ml) • powdered milk • warm water (480 ml), or as needed depending on the flour type • For the filling: • ground beef or lamb (about 1 kilogram) • tomatoes, finely chopped •

(about 9 pounds) fine semolina • dry milk powder • powdered sugar • vegetable oil • melted ghee (or clarified butter) • unsalted butter or margarine (about 1 1/4 cups) • mahlab and mastic (ground) • yeast • warm water • date paste • walnuts • pistachios •

warm milk (240 ml) • yeast • oil (60 ml) • sugar • flour (about 375 grams) • salt • baking powder • white vinegar • Filling • ground beef (about 300 grams) • onion • tomatoes •

frozen okra • ghee • garlic, crushed • salt • pepper • citric acid • Small pinch of sugar • tomato paste

For the bread dough • flour (about 0.5 kilograms) • Salt • yeast • water • sugar • vegetable oil • For the chicken shawarma • boneless chicken (about 0.5 kilograms) • Garlic • Salt • Shawarma spice •