Mix the ground beef with the meat spices, black pepper, salt, and 2 tablespoons of oil. Shape the mixture into small finger-shaped pieces, then broil them in the oven until lightly browned.

In a deep baking dish, layer the vegetable slices, then add the browned kofta pieces on top.

Dissolve the tomato paste in 2 cups hot water (about 480 ml) with a little salt and 2 tablespoons of oil. Pour the sauce over the contents of the baking dish.

Cover with aluminum foil and bake the kofta over medium heat until cooked through and the sauce thickens.

Broil the top in the oven until golden, then serve.