Cut the vegetables.

Soak the sliced leeks and onions in water.

Add the prepared vegetables to a pot to make the broth.

Toast the cinnamon sticks, star anise, coriander seeds, and black cardamom pods in a pan.

Sauté the remaining ingredients in oil in a pan.

Add the toasted spices to the pan with the sautéed ingredients.

Transfer everything from the pan into the broth pot.

Slice the vegetarian sausage, ham, and lemon.

Remove the solids from the broth pot.

Add the phở seasoning ingredients to the boiling broth.

Blanch the rice noodles.

Place the blanched noodles in a bowl, pour over the broth, and garnish with the herbs and toppings.